Data project ranks how well countries around the globe protect human rights
In the first global Human Rights Report Card issued by the Canada and Sweden were at the head of the class with a 96, followed by New Zealand, Norway and Portugal at 94. At the bottom were Iraq with a score of 12, China at 10, and North Korea and Syria with six. Iran was marked by a shocking lack of human rights, scoring only two out of a possible total of 100.
While 黑料视频 Professor of Political Science David Cingranelli has been tracking global human rights for more than 40 years, the recently launched CIRIGHTS project 鈥 a collaboration between Binghamton and the University of Rhode Island (URI) 鈥 accomplishes a long-term goal: a simple report card for a complex issue.
The score is meant to grab attention and even provoke: a necessary prerequisite for change.
鈥淧eople who see a report card understand what a 95 means and what a 20 means,鈥 said Cingranelli, co-director of CIRIGHTS with Skip
According to Mark, CIRIGHTS 鈥...gives a shorthand assessment of how countries are doing when it comes to respecting human rights.鈥 It
More maps, additional data visualization tools and a guide explaining the scoring system will soon be added.
The goal is to provide researchers, nongovernmental organizations, policy-makers, college and high school teachers, and others with an objective tool to track human rights around the world, according to Mark,
鈥淲e measure what we treasure,鈥 said Cingranelli, also co-director of Binghamton鈥檚 Human Rights Institute. 鈥淚 sincerely believe that anything we care about in this world, we measure, whether it鈥檚 how much we weigh or how fast we are at the 50-yard dash. If you don鈥檛 measure it, how could you change it?鈥
Ranking rights
In the 1970s, the United States passed law
鈥淚 wanted to conduct a research project to examine whether there was any relationship between the distribution of American foreign aid and other favors of American policy and the human rights practices of the potential recipients,鈥 Cingranelli explained.
In 1982, Cingranelli began researching and scoring Latin American countries on human rights with the help of then-graduate student Thomas Pasquarello, now a professor at SUNY Cortland, and a faculty colleague. A few years later, he and another graduate student 鈥 David Richards, now an
A gift from URI alumni Shannon Chandley and Tom Silvia has enabled the CIRIGHTS team to hire student research assistants and data specialists to update and significantly expand the original CIRI database. Sources for scoring human rights include annual human rights reports from the U.S. State Department, Amnesty International, the United Nations State of the World鈥檚 Indigenous Peoples Report and other sources. The State Department鈥檚 annual report alone often spans almost 3,000 pages, with keen observations contributed by ambassadors all over the world, Cingranelli said.
The 72 internationally recognized rights in CIRIGHTS鈥 database include those related to physical integrity, such as those prohibiting torture and extrajudicial killings; workers鈥 rights, such as fair working conditions and the right to unionize; the political rights of women and Indigenous people; and the right to a fair trial.
The scorers 鈥 often undergraduate or graduate students supervised by Cingranelli, Filippov or Mark in their seminar courses 鈥 work independently with a rigorous set of scoring guidelines and then work together to resolve differences. Using a three-point scale, 25 human rights measures were considered for this year鈥檚 pilot report card. All three co-directors taught human rights scoring seminars at their respective institutions during the fall 2022 semester. Mark鈥檚 graduate seminar at URI led the effort to create the first annual CIRIGHTS report.
Students come away from the human rights scoring experience much more sophisticated about the potential and the limits of measuring important social science concepts such as human rights, corruption and democracy, Cingranelli said. Such measurements are inherently controversial to governments that have a vested interest in maintaining their own narrative, he said.
鈥淥ur scoring guidelines lay out everything our scorers need to assess each right 鈥 a simple definition of the right, its grounding in international law and examples of what violations look like,鈥 said Kate Sylvester, a URI graduate student. 鈥淭he goal is to be as objective as we can possibly be.鈥
However, one country is mostly missing from the current report card: the United States. Part of that comes down to data: While Amnesty International reports on respect for physical integrity rights in the U.S., it doesn鈥檛 report on much else. The State Department report includes a much wider range of rights, but doesn鈥檛 report on itself.
Another reason comes down to objectivity, since the evaluation is done within the United States by human reviewers who have access to a wide range of sources about their own country. Essentially, Cingranelli explained, it wouldn鈥檛 be an apples-to-apples comparison.
Still, the problem may eventually be resolved. Mark plans to offer a seminar in Rhode Island that will explore the status of human rights in the United States, with the goal of establishing more comprehensive rankings of U.S. human rights. And, Cingranelli points out, nothing prevents database users from reviewing the available information and determining how the U.S. ranks on their own.
A broader look
In addition to individual rankings, CIRIGHTS鈥 inaugural 2022 report identifies some broad global trends in the 21st century. According to the researchers, economic rights 鈥 apart from the right to a minimum wage 鈥 have declined, along with rights associated with the ability to criticize government, electoral self-determination and an independent judiciary. Some rights, however, have seen a marked increase, such as the right to a fair trial, protection from human trafficking, women鈥檚 political rights, and freedom of domestic and foreign movement.
Ultimately, countries seem to fall into two groups: One in which human rights have improved over time, and the other in which they remained stagnant or declined. The main difference between the two groups is whether they have regular free and fair elections with universal adult suffrage, Cingranelli said.
Long term, the team plans to expand both the dataset and the scope of the report. The ultimate goal is to have a comprehensive global human rights dataset that includes every internationally recognized human right.
鈥淭he way that human rights become real is through education,鈥 Cingranelli added. 鈥淚鈥檓 hoping that these human rights report cards will be used by people around the world, especially teachers, to learn about indicators of human rights performance and to assess the performance of their own government relative to others.鈥